WASHINGTON (AP) -- An emotional Amtrak CEO pledged to lawmakers Tuesday that safety technology that could have prevented a deadly derailment last month in Philadelphia will be put into operation, while Democrats and Republicans exchanged barbs over whether Congress or the Obama administration is most to blame for railroads not installing the technology.

Amtrak President and CEO Joseph Boardman testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington before the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee .
Amtrak President and CEO Joseph Boardman testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington before the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee . (AP Photo/Cliff Owen)
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"We are responsible for the incident and its consequences," Joseph Boardman told a House transportation committee hearing. His voice breaking, Boardman said equipping trains with positive train control, a technology that can prevent trains from derailing because of excessive speed, is the "single greatest contribution my generation of railroaders can make."

Amtrak had already installed the technology on tracks it owns in the Northeast Corridor from Boston to Washington, but it wasn't in operation when Amtrak Northeast Regional train 188 entered a curve in Philadelphia at 106 mph on May 12. The speed limit for the curve is 50 mph. Eight people were killed and about 200 injured in the derailment.

Several lawmakers raised questions about the train cars involved in the derailment, which were severely mangled. The cars were purchased beginning in 1975 and weren't built to modern occupant protection standards, Boardman said. They haven't been replaced because the railroad is still trying to replace cars built in the 1940s, he said.

Accident investigators are looking at whether improved train cars could have prevented injuries or deaths in the Philadelphia crash, said Chris Hart, chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board.

At the start of the hearing, the NTSB released a preliminary report that says investigators still don't know whether the engineer involved in the Philadelphia derailment was on his cellphone before the speeding train crashed. It also remains unclear whether damage to the windshield was caused by the wreck or an object thrown at the train, the report said.

The NTSB has said engineer Brandon Bostian, who suffered a head injury in the crash, has been cooperative but says he cannot recall the moments before the accident. The two-page preliminary report estimates damage from the crash at more than $9.2 million.

Several Republicans, including Rep. Jeff Denham, R-Calif., told Hart that they were baffled that accident investigators three weeks after the crash could still not say for certain whether Bostian was using the cellphone while the train was in operation.

The phone was used to make calls and send text messages the day of the accident, but inconsistencies in phone records are presenting difficulties, Hart said. The voice and text messages were recorded in different time zones and may not have been calibrated to the exact time as other equipment on the train, such as a camera focused on the tracks and a recorder that registers how fast the train was moving and actions by the engineer, he said.

"We were surprised at the complexity of that ourselves and we're experts at this," Hart said. "It's very crucial to get that fact right. We will not be hurried into giving an answer."

Emergency personnel work at the scene of a deadly Amtrak train wreck in Philadelphia.
Emergency personnel work at the scene of a deadly Amtrak train wreck in Philadelphia. (AP Photo/Patrick Semansky, File)
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Congress mandated in 2008 that Amtrak, commuter railroads and freight railroads install positive train control by the end of this year. Amtrak still has to do extensive testing of the system, but will meet the deadline, Boardman said. Most other railroads will not. Only Burlington Northern-Santa Fe has submitted paperwork saying it has completed a positive train control system. At least two commuter railroads are also expected to meet the deadline.

"I promise you that by the end of this year, this system, which will dramatically enhance safety, will be complete and operational," Boardman said.

Amtrak could have installed positive train control sooner if it had had more money from Congress years ago when it first began work on the system, Boardman said. Amtrak's positive train control system relies on transponders, while most other railroads are installing systems that use GPS and wireless technology. The systems automatically slow or stop trains if they are traveling too fast, about to collide with another train, disobey signals or enter an area where crews are working.

"Positive train control is the single most important railroad safety technological development in more than a century, and it is absolutely necessary to ensuring the type of safety that we expect on our rail system," said Sarah Feinberg, acting administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration.

David Matthau contributed to this story.

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