As South Carolina honors victims, Alabama lowers its flags

COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) -- The Confederate flag flew high Wednesday outside the South Carolina Statehouse, but a large drape kept mourners from seeing it as they filed past the open casket of a veteran black lawmaker and pastor.

The slayings of state Sen. Clementa Pinckney and eight others inside their historic black church is prompting national soul-searching over historic but divisive symbols. The makeshift drape obscuring the secessionist battle flag only emphasized how quickly this symbol of Southern pride has fallen into official disrepute.

Alabama Gov. Robert Bentley became the first southern governor to use his executive power to remove Confederate banners, as four flags with secessionist symbols were taken down Wednesday from a large monument to rebel soldiers outside that state's capitol.

"It has become a distraction all over the country right now," Bentley said. The iconic Confederate battle flag in particular "is offensive to some people because unfortunately, it's like the swastika; some people have adopted that as part of their hate-filled groups."

But in South Carolina, making any changes to "heritage" symbols requires a two-thirds supermajority of both houses of the state legislature, and while lawmakers voted overwhelmingly for a debate later this summer, few wanted to risk ugly words during a week of funerals.

Brought to the capitol in a horse-drawn carriage, Pinckney's open coffin was displayed under the dome where he served the state for nearly 20 years.

The 41-year-old lead pastor of Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church spent a lot of time in the second-floor lobby, where mourners were greeted by Pinckney's colleagues, his wife and two young daughters. He started his Statehouse career as a page. He was the youngest member elected to the House in 1997 and became a senator in 2001.

To honor him, people had to file past a statue of former Vice President John C. Calhoun, who argued in the 1820s and 1830s that slavery was a "positive good," and that states should be able to decide not to follow federal laws they don't like.

The last person to lie under the dome was former Gov. Carroll Campbell in December 2005. Pinckney will be the first African-American given the honor at least since Reconstruction.

Prodded by Gov. Nikki Haley's call to move the flag to a museum, South Carolina's lawmakers overwhelmingly agreed to revisit an uneasy compromise that has held for 15 years, since mass protests succeeded in moving the flag from atop the dome to its current spot out front.

A growing number of politicians have since called for removing Civil War-era symbols, from state flags to license plates to statues and place names.

Many said change is imperative after seeing photos of shooting suspect Dylann Storm Roof, a 21-year-old white man, posing with the Confederate flag and burning and desecrating the U.S. flag. Now jailed on murder and gun charges, Roof was captured after a motorist spotted his Confederate license plate.

Even the Citadel, South Carolina influential military college, whose cadets fired the first shots of the Civil War, voted in favor of moving its Confederate Naval Jack flag from its prominent place inside its main chapel to a more "appropriate" campus location.

As with any other historic symbol in the state, even that move will require state lawmakers to amend the same Heritage Act that has kept the Confederate battle flag flying high outside the statehouse, even as U.S. and state flags were lowered to half-staff.

Four former South Carolina governors applauded Haley on Wednesday. Signed by Ernest "Fritz" Hollings, Dick Riley, David Beasley and Jim Hodges, their statement says the slayings "have reminded us of the important bond we share as South Carolina citizens. We should fly only the United States and South Carolina flags on our Statehouse grounds -- flags that represent us all."

"This is an extraordinary opportunity for South Carolina to be the beacon on the hill -- to show love and not vengeance, to show unity and not division," said Beasley, who was voted out of office in 1998 after advocating for its removal. He said he's startled by how many legislators have switched positions in a matter of days.

Conservative Republican lawmakers around the South were adding their voices to these sentiments Wednesday. U.S. Senator Roger Wicker became Mississippi's second top-tier Republican to call for changing the flag that state has used since Reconstruction. Wicker said it "should be put in a museum and replaced by one that is more unifying."

Lawmakers in Tennessee said a bust of Confederate general and Ku Klux Klan leader Nathan Bedford Forrest must go from their Senate. Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe was among several state leaders taking aim at vanity license plates with Confederate symbols.

Businesses also moved quickly: Wal-Mart, e-Bay, Amazon, Target and Sears were among those removing Confederate merchandise from stores and online sites, and at least three major flag makers said they will no longer manufacture the Confederate flag.

For many, these changes can't happen quickly enough. For many others, it's all too fast.

Confederate symbols appear all over the South, from statehouses to courthouses to schools and streets and parks.

Already, a growing number of statues in multiple states have been defaced by graffiti. The words "Black Lives Matter" were spray-painted Wednesday on a century-old Confederate memorial in St. Louis, not far from Ferguson, Missouri, where the phrase took root last August, after an unarmed black man was killed by a white police officer.

These symbols are under attack by a "wave of political correctness" that is vilifying Southern culture, complained Ben Jones, the actor who played Cooter on the TV series "Dukes of Hazzard." He said Confederate items will never be removed from the Cooter's Place stores he owns in Tennessee and Virginia.

The Confederate battle flag was placed atop South Carolina's Statehouse dome in 1961 for the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the Civil War, and lawmakers decided to keep it there in 1962 in response to the civil rights movement. After mass protests, it was moved to the flagpole out front in 2000.

The few South Carolina lawmakers openly defending the flag include Republican Jonathon Hill, a freshman representative who said the flag rightly flies over a monument dedicated to fallen Confederate soldiers. He also said dealing with the issue so soon was disrespectful to the victims' families.

"You're going to defeat racism with love and forgiveness. You're not going to defeat it with politics and certainly not with more hatred," said Hill. "Dylann Roof wanted a race war, and I think this has a potential to start one in the sense that it's a very divisive issue," he said, referring to the shooting suspect. "I think it could very well get ugly."

Other viewings and funerals for the nine victims are scheduled through Monday. President Barack Obama plans to memorialize the victims Friday morning during Pinckney's funeral at the College of Charleston.

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